Collapse of Kingfisher Airlines Essay

Kingfisher , Sony and Kodak have one thing in common . i.e. They are finding it difficult to reinvent themselves. They are trying hard to be a phoenix but will they truly rise from the ashes or simply fade away is the real question. Let us take the issue of Kingfisher here. One of India’s most high profile airlines few years back , now in shambles. It is really interesting to ponder that in same market scenario, one of the competitors of Kingfisher is flying high and high. Yes, Indigo Airlines is the most profitable airlines in India. The question is the difference between discipline or grandeur. What makes one company succeed, while another, in the same operating environment, falter? One of the reason is Mr. ( or Dr. in which degree?) Vijay Mallya flamboyant nature. Kingfisher was launched as an all-economy, single-class configuration aircraft with food and entertainment systems. After about a year of operations, the airline suddenly shifted its focus to luxury. When an airline keeps changing its model and takes to random expansion, there is no time for the airline to stabilize. After Kingfisher’s plunge into luxury came its next folly—a merger with Air Deccan, an airline formed by Captain G R Gopinath in 2003. I believe the fall of Kingfisher airlines started the very day when they bought Air Deccan. Capt. Gopinath , the owner of Air Deccan can be termed as shrewd but smart investor who knew when to part with his investment , just at the right time. The all-economy configuration of Air Deccan was rebranded and called Kingfisher Red, which continued to operate as its low-cost wing till recently. Kingfisher ended up spending Rs 550 crore on an airline that had losses of over Rs 550 crore. It is widely believed that Kingfisher merged itself with Air Deccan so that it could classify as an airline with five years of domestic flying in 2008, thus fulfilling requirements to fly international routes. The fact that Jet had meanwhile swallowed Air Sahara didn’t help, fuelling a competitive race to be the biggest airline around. Essentially, jet fuel prices began to sky-rocket and soon touched $150. Then came the 2008 recession that made fundamentals in the airline industry worse, which is when the airline launched its international operations. Some companies just fail to learn—either from the examples that its peers may have set for the industry, or from its own past mistakes. Now, Kingfisher has decided to change its model yet again—discontinuing its Kingfisher Red brand and completely converting its fleet to a dual class, full-service configuration. Kingfisher was gifted to Mr . Sidhartha Mallya by his father on his birthday i.e. a Near Zero experience in running a company and the later CEOs appointed by Mr . Mallya couldn’t bring any significant result too . His over indulgence in petty things like parties and Kingfisher Calendar also lead to inadequacies in his finances. .IPL is also one of the reason for Kingfisher downfall because it is known that many of the money was diverted to IPL from Kingfisher airlines, resulting which they defaulted in Loans and recently became a NPA (non performing asset) to its leading bankers like SBI . The lack of trust was shown recently when Mr Mallya asked the government of India to bail him out. The new minister Mr. Ajit Singh clearly told that the Government will not bail out private airline because Air India is itself in need to bail out. I personally feel that Mr Ajit singh made a good decision because When Kingfisher doesn’t give public anything in return of its profit , then why is it asking for Public hard earned money ( income tax money) to bail him out. The lack of management and top of it the soaring petrol prices, the airport charges added to Kingfishers humiliation. Frequent cancellation of flights , nonpayment to employees, rude staff laid the ground for Kingfishers grave. Kingfisher reputation took a beating when it was known that employees tax were not submitted to government on time since the last three years! Government of India also freezed 40 Kingfisher’s bank account. Latest news is that Kingfisher employees have been not paid three months salary. We all know how we feel when our salary is delayed by a day, imagine what happens to them when they are not getting salary for last three months. How do you expect the employees to keep a smiling face to its customers when they themselves are crying . A company which forgots its employees, is also soon forgotten. A classic example is Kingfisher airlines. Mr Mallya had to sell 49% of his ownership of Force India( F1 car) to Mr Subrato Roy to get kingfisher going ( owner of ailing airline Air Sahara , years back) , but it too failed to save the airlines from tatters. I still have hope from Mr Mallya that he will refrain from over indulgence and concentrate on his fragile business. It’s time he and his son become responsible and start this company from scratch instead of late night parties and IPL and took inspiration from Indigo airlines who proudly claimed themselves as Low cost airline and exceeding the customers delight in every way they can.

Race Racism and Society Essay

Race racism and society What do you consider the most convincing theoretical explanation for racism in society today? Whilst there are many theories for why racism exists in society today, in my essay I will be discussing what theories have emerged to explain racism in society today and what reasons sociologists put forward for this. Racism: what does this word mean? Where did this word come from, when it was originally used? I will also discuss the word race and what it means and how it differs from ethnicity, discussing the effects of the word. I will be discussing the theories behind racism in society today. My aim is to create an understanding of racism in society, where and how it came about and why it is still such a great issue in society today. I will talk about sociologist views, why some of them dispute that racism is even a real word. I will be exploring the history of race and racism. Finally, I will conclude the theories that I have found which hold the best understanding of the effects of raci sm and why it still exists. Racism â€Å"Racism† said to believe that race accounts for the differences in human beings, whether it be for their character or for their own personal ability. This suggests that perhaps a particular race is above others. â€Å"Racism† when there is intolerance between two people of different racial backgrounds, purely based on the colour of their skin. There is also something called discrimination, which is when there are differences between two people based on the ethnicity or sexual preferences. Racism is said to be happening in day-to-day life, however many of us fail to recognise racism as we do not think anything of it. Police often accused of being racist when they carry out stop and search; people accuse them of stopping ethnic minority people more, studies such as the study by the guardian carried out to prove that there is some truth in this. (V Dodd; 2012, study) In addition, there are many videos up on the renowned YouTube where people are having rants about â₠¬Å"immigrants and coloured people† in the country. Some of these examples classed as racism however failed to identify as racism in daily life as it is happening so often. â€Å"British women arrested for racist rant on tram† (YouTube) this shows that there is proof of racism in daily life. This theory argues that class based conflict is due to an inherent and important part of society. These theorists thus argue that racial and ethnic conflict tied to class conflict and that in order to reduce racial and ethnic conflict; class conflict must be reduced. (Anderson M L, 2009) These three theories provide an insight on what sociologist think of racism in society and how they view the reasoning behind racism in society today. It shows that there are different opinions as to why there is racism in society today. The most popular theory is the interaction theory; many people think that ethnic minorities grouped in areas and make their own society distancing themselves from other societies preventing them from learning and mixing wit h the British culture and society. Race V.s Ethnicity The definition between race and ethnicity is actually different. The term ‘race’ is usually referred to as a group of people who are sharing the same physical or biological characteristics, especially skin colour, ancestral heritage, cultural affiliation, cultural history, ethnic classification, and the social, economic and political needs of a society at a given period of time. However, sociologists tend to reject the idea that ‘race’ is a scientifically valid concept (this is why ‘race’ is normally in inverted commas by most sociologists.) (Bernasconi; 2001). â€Å"Race simply cannot be tested or proven scientifically,† according to biologists (Hall 1999 p101). On the other hand, ethnicity refers to the nationality, culture, beliefs, and ancestors. There is much confusion between these two words as people tend to class race and ethnicity as one but it is two different concepts. â€Å"Many people like to make ethnic distinctions as well as national distinctions to hold onto their ethnic culture and identity.† (P.Essed; 1991) Theories There are many theories that can explain the use of racism in society today; however, I have chosen a few that have proved to be the most convincing theories. These theories give background on why these factors are a cause for racism in our society today. Many people believe that there is racism in society today due to the amount of immigrants in the country, living in the UK illegally, â€Å"taking all the jobs, and claiming the benefits. In addition, people believe that white people have more rights in the UK over any non-whites whether they are British born or not.† (J Ghosh; 2011) This is one of the theories on why racism exists in society today and the recession has not helped as this has developed a lack of jobs and money in the society and benefits have become harder to qualify due to new cuts by the new leading political groups. Many believe that ethnic minorities such as â€Å"Pakistanis, Muslims, Indians, Iraqis don’t deserve to be here because they do nothin g at all for our country and get free housing, food and they have their own country.† Immigrants can be scapegoated for economic problems, as they are an easy target when people believe they have no sense of belonging in today’s British society. Racism may also exists due to political beliefs this is also possible, as political movements such as the EDL (English defence league) combined with the national front have created a group that influences thousands to join their group to make Britain an all-white country because they believe non-whites do not belong in this society. This causes racism amongst society members as they can go to the extremes. The EDL riots held mainly in non-white populated areas, some of their most famous riots have been conducted in Bradford, a very Asian populated place. These riots have had thousands of police involved to prevent them spiralling out of control and are called peaceful protests however do not remain peaceful for very long as there is always conflict. This suggests that there are many people involved in causing difference s between the white and non-white people even today. A theory still exists in the sociological world that suggests that racism will be around until we voice and accept that all ethnic minority groups are different. Racism will continue to exist because we all strive for equality, however we fail to realise that whether we are from different ethnic backgrounds or not we are all in fact different. (W Spisak; 2007) The other theories that have emerged for the reasons behind racism today are the fact that people fear for their own security, this suggests that the media who impose these stereotypes on people such as; â€Å"Afghans – Because they hijack planes and kill people.† ; â€Å"People in Iraq †¦ did horrible non-forgivable actions!† In addition, racism could be due to the indifference that we have between the other and the white majority; people dislike difference such as colour difference, cultural differences. In a survey 60% of people want less black and Asian immigration, this may have been due to immigration rise and the recession. (Young; 1995) Psychological theories claim that racism is a form of extreme prejudice and is a manifestation. Some psychologists also claim that there is a distinct personality type that is inclined to adopt racist attitudes; however, this has never been proven. (Blackscademy; 2005) Social identity theory maintains that individuals naturally strive for positive self-image, and the process of categorising people into in-groups and out-groups enhances social identity. In other words, social psychologists have a tendency to see no need to look outside. Cultural stories and everyday social customs can promote racism. An example of this is when parents want their child to only marry within their own race and culture because they do not want a mixed race child in the family or they may find it difficult to get along with a different cultured family and so forth. This in itself tends to perpetuate racism. Sociologist views Sociologists such as Marxist disagree that racism is because of inherent human tendency. Marxist believes that is a fictitious concept which has become a big part of society, however according to the sociologist Cox racism originates in a practical exploitive relationship, which is used to justify the exploitation of one group by another (O.Cox; 1948) According to Hall racism as a philosophy opposes that there is any natural connection between the way that people look, whether it be the difference in skin colour, hair, eyes or what they think and do. From how intelligent that they are and whether they are good athletes, dancers, workers or not. Also their good characteristics and how they act in society. However, racist people believe that these characteristics in a human being are according to their race and ethnicity background. Halls principle focus is not on the effect of racism; rather how racism is cultivated in our minds, â€Å"blacks are not as clever as whites† Halls believes that this has never been proved. There are inferior and superior groups in society. For example, if you see dust in the house you clean it, because there is no sense of belonging for it. In the same way, some people want to stay superior by putting ethnic minority down and feel they have no sense of belonging in this society. The reading by Lentin (2008) considers what she refers to as an increasing ‘silence’ about ‘race’ within European politics, and particularly the UK despite the persistence of racism, exclusion, and inequality. She writes that racism is part of history and is not present in the world today. †¨In the contemporary period- and related to the ‘crisis of multiculturalism’ there has emerged a popular and political discourse that suggests ‘race’ no longer matters. The election of President Obama in the US is central to a view that argues we are now in an age of ‘post-race’. In Britain, too such ideas have become dominant. The term ‘post-race’ captures the way in which politicians and the media, particularly those on the right, argue that systemic racism has been largely eradicated from society. Others argue that we must move beyond ‘race thinking’ to challenge the power of this form of categorisat ion (Gilroy; 2000) History Racism exists when one ethnic group or historical together dominates a society, which excludes, or attempts to get rid of another because of the differences between them, believed to be genetic or unchangeable differences. An ideological basis for explicit racism ended in the west during the modern period. Before the middle ages, there was no clear indication of racism in Europe or any other cultures. When the devil and witchcraft within the Jews was identified, this is when the first signs of racist views in the world appeared, this was in the early 13/14th century. Official permission for attitudes came later in Spain when Jewish people converted to Christianity due to becoming the victims of discrimination and exclusion from society in the early 16th century. In 1500 and 1600’s Britain had migrated over Indians and Negros to work as servants and sailors in the port towns such as Bristol and Liverpool. Britain made a lot of profit from this very cheap labour and from the sla ve trade that started in the 1600’s this finally ended in the 1800’s. In 1792, there were 140 slave ships in Liverpool alone therefore; it is unclear how many there were in other ports. It was much later in the late 19th century that black Caribbean people started migrating to the UK and building their own communities establishing their own lives, which caused a stir amongst the â€Å"white British† people. This created new politics amongst the government; they were paying more attention towards â€Å"coloured† workers debating about their rights. During the early 20th century, there was a new phenomenon about racial differences between the black and white people. According to Harris the main theme of the debates surrounded by whether black people created a social problem, according to them there was social decay due to the black population in certain areas where black societies had settled. (J Solomos; 2003) when black people’s rights to vote was taken off them even after many regimes had been passed to group them as equal citizens. â€Å"The climax of history came in the 20th century in the rise and fall of overtly racist regimes† Racis m: (G M. Fredrickson; 2002) â€Å"In the 1993 elections Racism had a serious impact as the people were already worried about their futures and their jobs, playing on this economic distress, and to deal with the fact that there is growing sentiment that something is deeply wrong with the system, the ruling class used racism to create the perception that the problem is crime and violence, that the criminals are Black and Brown people, especially youth.† (S Marshall; 2012) Legal â€Å"The Federal Equal Employment Opportunity laws, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008, forbid an employer to treat an applicant or employee differently than others based on race. Hiring, firing, pay rate, promotion, training and benefits cannot differ based on race. Employers and co-workers cannot harass others who are a different race. Derogatory terms, offensive language or racial teasing or comments are illegal. When racism affects employment, it is a crime.† (Act of 1963) Conclusion All my research suggests that racism still exists because of human mind-sets due to the society in which we are bought up. What kind of upbringing we have, there are also more factors to contribute to racism in society today such our surroundings, political beliefs, media and how they portray ethnic minority reports in their articles and headings and TV. Political groups such as the EDL also inflict thoughts of racism amongst the â€Å"British† as they promote a country where only white people live and not a multicultural society. However the theory that I have found to be the most convincing theory behind racism in society today is the increase in immigration which leads to more jobs being taken by ethnic minority, however if you look at the kind of jobs that immigrants have it’s the more derogatory jobs such as cleaning. The jobs that the â€Å"British white† people do not want to do. Although this is not what the British people see, they believe that the immig rants are seizing all the jobs and money. According to the sociologist, Marxist claims racism does not exist and is just a fictitious concept. On the other hand, Hall argues that racism is due to the lack of understanding from people also telling us that there is no set conclusion for the reasoning behind racism today it all depends on the individual the inferior and superior model for people in society today. The theories that I have found to be most convincing are that racism is because we all strive for equal opportunities and equality generally and we don’t want to admit that there is ethnic differences that we all have to accept. Bibliography Anderson, M.L. and Taylor, H.F. (2009). Sociology: The Essentials. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. Bernasconi, R. (2001) Race, Wiley Blackwell Oliver Cox’s 1948 work, Class, Caste and Race presents a Marxist interpretation of Race) George M. Fredrickson (2002) A Short History; Princeton University Paul Gilroy; 2000 Against Race: Imagining Political Culture Beyond the Color Line Jayati Ghosh; 2011; Fear of Foreigners: Recession and Racism in Europe Hall, Stuart (1999) â€Å"Old and New Identities.† Les Back and John Solomos (eds.), Theories of Race and Racism: A Reader. London: Blackwell Stuart hall; 1997; Race, The Floating Signifier John solomos. (1986) ‘Varieties of Marxist conceptions of ‘race’, class and state’, J. Rex and D. Mason (eds.) Theories of Race and Ethnic Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press John Solomos; Second edition, theories of race and racism; 2000; Routledge; pg.76 Alana Lentin; 2008; Racism and Ethnic Discrimination; pg 71-73; Rosen PUBLISHING Scott Marshall; 2012, The Fight Against Racism Today Philomena Essed; 1991; Understanding everyday racism (An interdisciplinary theory) Wendi Spisak; 2007; Why racists still exist Vikram Dodd; (2012) â€Å"Police up to 28 times more likely to stop and search black people – study;† The Guardian Young; 1995; A literature review for the commission for Racial Equality (CRE);Dr. Nissa Finney and Esme Peach www.blacksacademy.bi2/ba (2005) @font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;src:local('Roboto Medium 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Racist Rant on Tram Gets British Woman Arrested - YouTube The Young Turks4.2M subscribersSubscribeRacist Rant on Tram Gets British Woman ArrestedWatch laterShareInfoShoppingTap to unmute4:43If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device.More videosFull screen is unavailable. 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Our Government Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Our Government - Personal Statement Example In other words, this act symbolized a literary composition, in which human vice and folly were held up to ridicule, derision, or scorn. Despite a majority opposing the act, some thought that President Reagan hid the money for good reasons. In this context, the following paper seeks to discuss a political satire about the U.S. government. It is a documented fact, in 1987; a ridicule aspect of $20 Trillion buried was ridicule and deriding vice (Wirls 21). With no doubts; the aspect of burying $20 Trillion in the White House Garden depicts humor. Arguing from this point of view, it is obvious that, if $20 Trillion was buried in Mason jars, there were billion jars buried. Still, imagining the size of the hole required, it’s obvious that, the entire metropolitan area was required. Up-to date, this story is satire, in which vices are ridiculed. In facts, is said that, the money was sealed in hundreds of rutted shoe boxes, mason jars, and metal tins, and the financial windfall is said to have been stashed by Regan. To the White House, the surprising detection was made on Tuesday morning whereby, $19 billion were found dug from the yard. While the senior officials were unsure of the why the money was hid, most notably the framed photo of the first lady Nancy Regan, which was accompanied by a note that read â€Å" Do not be angry with me† (Wirls 10). In this context, the first lady Nancy Regan affirmed that, burying $20 Trillion was to prepare for the potentially projected famine. Republicans, who viewed Regan as a conservative icon, claimed that the discovery of buried money indicated various aspects Former government tripled the national debt, had irresponsible overspending, and invalidate allegations. At this point, Republicans believed that Regan’s decision was suitable to save the country from financial problems that would occur in the future. Though this appealed ridiculed, Regan appealed that his intention was to save the United States from debt, and

Comparing Of The Main Heroes Of Driving Miss Daisy Essay

Comparing Of The Main Heroes Of Driving Miss Daisy - Essay Example Colburn comes to the light as Daisy’s chauffeur following a driving mishap that renders her an inadmissible client to insurance companies as noted by Hoke: â€Å"The truth is, you just cost the insurance company $2,700. You're a terrible risk. Nobody's gonna issue you a policy after this† (Backrags par 6; Uhry 3). Although hesitant to get herself driven by a chauffeur, Daisy gradually accepts Boogie in his capacity as a chauffeur. The story of Daisy, her small family, and her chauffeur is punctuated with a lot of similarities and contrast in so far as the characters and their traits are concerned. The two main characters in the plot Daisy and Colburn, particularly display a lot of contrast and similarities. The paper will focus on the two characters considering the central role that they play in the development of the plot. Character Backgrounds Mrs. Daisy Werthan is presented as a retired schoolteacher â€Å"I taught some of the stupidest children God ever put on the face of this earth, and all of them could read well enough to find a name on a tombstone† (BookRags par 13). Having been a school teacher, Daisy is presented as a knowledgeable woman -someone who ought to be respectable in society. Hoke Colburn, on the other hand, comes to the scene as an African American who is illiterate deserving of a lowly life after his career as a driver for a local judge ends. After meeting Daisy, Hoke gets to learn from the old Widow how to read at the age of 60. While Daisy is an old Jewish widow as can be seen from Hoke’s statement â€Å"Yassum. Mist’ Sig’s grave mighty well tended. I believe you the best window in the state of Georgia† (Fulton Theatre 4), Hoke is of African antecedent and no so less of an old man. The story presents, therefore, two characters from different worlds in terms of cultural backgrounds although having a common point in that they are both old. Being non-whites at a time when racial segregation i s rife in the setting, the two characters witness a lot of discrimination as they go about their activities. This is practically seen at the point in the plot where highway patrolmen comment loudly referring to them as Old Jew Woman (for Daisy) and old Nigger (for Hoke) â€Å"[watching Daisy and Hoke leave after checking them out] An old nigger and an old Jew woman takin' off down the road together... that is one sorry sight!† (BookRags par 3). Perceptions In a society dominated by whites, Daisy and Hoke are presented as outsiders in the society. Hoke cannot understand why her employer is so backward as not to understand the changes that are sweeping the social setting at the time. Mrs. Daisy, on the other hand, fails to appreciate the reason why Hoke’s people are so resentful. Only when they are separated by circumstances do the two characters truly appreciate that they are pals and longtime kindred spirits. In particular, this is seen when Daisy finds herself confine d to a home for the old while Hoke retires from his work. Hoke is a person who is patient, caring, dignified and tolerant as can be seen from the way he treats his employer, Daisy. He does not fear to air out his views respectfully and in a calm way whenever he has a point to state. Furthermore, He stands for his rights whenever he feels that his rights are at stake. On the other hand, Daisy is clearly prejudicial, although this comes to change with time as she continues to interact with Hoke.

Health education ( Research Based) Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health education ( Based) - Research Paper Example In particular, the study’s aim is to identify the psychological factors, which influence HIV disclosure among PLWHA, including HIV cognition, personality, and perceived stigmatization (Adejumo, 2011). A cross-sectional design was adopted in this study. Personality, stigmatization and HIV cognition were the independent variables. HIV self disclosure was the dependent variable. The research was carried out in PLWHA’s four centers in Nigeria’s Oyo State. These centers included Adeoyo Maternity Hospital, St. Mary Hospital, Association for Reproductive and Family Health (AFRH), and Family Health and Population Action Council (Adejumo, 2011). An 80-item self-report questionnaire, which had five sections, was used for data collection. In order to conduct the research, permission was obtained from the University of Ibadan, Department of Psychology. To establish the participants who met the inclusion criteria, a review was conducted on the participant’s medical records, at the centers. The number of those who met the inclusion criteria from the four centers was 500. Out of the participants, 71 did not fill the questionnaires appropriately, which led to their cancellation. The questionnaires that were successfully filled were coded, sorted and entered for analysis (Adejumo, 2011). The impact of perceived stigmatization, gender, age, and HIV cognition on HIV self disclosure was entered into a table, to compare their relationships. Those who recorded the highest mean on HIV disclosure were the females, low on perceived stigmatization, old, and with good HIV cognition. The ones who took the second position in regards to HIV disclosure were the old, males, good in HIV cognition and with high rate of perceived HIV stigmatization. The ones who came third on the HIV disclosure were the male respondents who had high rate of perceived stigmatization, old, and without good HIV cognition. The young males with poor HIV cognition and high rate of perceived HIV

Take two states and compare their juvenile justice systems Research Paper

Take two states and compare their juvenile justice systems - Research Paper Example When they enter the system it’s a totally new ballgame for them. They come in proximity of those adults who have already committed crime. This can exert a negative effect on the young. Juvenile justice system has also criticized on the grounds of less interactive, lack of respect for the defaulter, lack of inputs which could persuade or give a fair chance to the defaulter to correct his or her fault encouraging them to take a right course of action (Glass, 2012, pp. 1-5). Juvenile justice, as mentioned, varies from state to state and each state has its own jurisdiction for such system. It has been said by the authors that the juvenile justice system in California is not racially neutral. This was one of the worst drawbacks which the California juvenile justice system suffered. The decision points suffered from the effect of race. The authors emphasized that, â€Å"Minority youth are more likely than the majority youth to become involved in the system†. There were severa l issues that needed to be directed based on this system. In comparison with the adult criminal justice, the juvenile justice lacked supervision and review. On the contrary it had also been found that in the juvenile justice system there had been cases which witnessed no disparity amongst the young defaulter. But when inequalities prevailed it involved either large differentiation at some point of stage in the system or else followed a sequence of accumulations of comparatively minor divergences in processing with a moderately hefty net effect. Moreover the system prevailed in California was volatile in nature which allowed the disparity in the system. The system lacked an analytical model which desirably would simplify the problems existed within the system (Pope & William, July 1995, pp. 1-15). However in the light of the above mentioned critic, the juvenile justice system in California was subjected to some recommendation which, if implemented, would help it to become a system wi th more fluidity. It lacked a systematic monitoring which if developed would facilitate the processing at each stage of the juvenile justice. Introduction of research program was suggested. Consideration in training and development of the staffs of the system was highly suggested which would make improvement in dealing with minor offenders. Critical examination at local stages, if implemented, would lower the gap between the minority and majority youth. Restructuring of laws in the juvenile justice was advised where problems of inequalities prevailed. Workshop for the youth psychoanalysis might help them to come out of mental disorder if any. The jurisdiction itself was suggested to be strengthened enough to carefully evaluate the decision making at every stage and should make a note of the thing that their dealings were with the minors with an derailed mindset, but not with the criminals (Pope & William, July 1995, pp. 19-20). In this contrast author Muncie, 2008, said, â€Å"Juve nile justice systems throughout America now give greater weight to punishment as an end in itself† (Muncie, 2008, pp. 3). A comparative analysis can be done by comparing the juvenile justice laws prevailing in Florida. In contrast with California juvenile justice law the Florida law was less flexible and followed extreme consequences. In many cases it was noted that the victims were tried in adult court and received imprisonment for life. The psychoanalysis part was not at all strengthened in the Florida law, rather

Business Cycle or Economic Growth in the UK Essay

Business Cycle or Economic Growth in the UK - Essay Example In the United Kingdom, economic growth has been driven by investment in infrastructure, investment in science and technology, increased access to business finance, increased exports and support for inward investment, reduction of corporation tax, simplification in business regulations, educating the workforce, tackling long term housing market issues and government support for local growth. This paper discusses economic growth in the United Kingdom with particular focus on the causes of economic growth, longstanding policies and their effect on balanced economic growth and gives recommendations on how the United Kingdom can promote further economic growth. For nations to succeed in the competitive global economy, the respective governments must take action. The government of the United Kingdom has not been left behind. It has taken initiatives to encourage economic growth and at the same time, it continues to support hardworking citizens who want to succeed in life. For stable and continuous economic growth, the initiatives taken by the United Kingdom government include: A nation cannot run effectively without economic infrastructure. For this reason, the government of the United Kingdom has placed economic infrastructure development at the heart of its economic growth policies. Economic infrastructure not only promotes economic growth but also creates employment. Examples of economic infrastructure include construction of power plants, airports, railways and roads, and provision of support services such as security systems and street lighting. Over the years, the United Kingdom has developed its infrastructure networks. According to a finding by OECD, â€Å"between 1970 and 2005, investment in UK roads, rail and electricity generating capacity had a stronger positive effect on the level of GDP per capita, and on short term growth, than other types of capital investment† (HM Treasury and Infrastructure UK, 2010). In 2009, the United Kingdom government created

Managed Care and Psychotherapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Managed Care and Psychotherapy - Essay Example It rapidly spread to health insurance industry in private sector. It relies upon and effort to control ever increasing health care costs by health insurance industry, which fixes a reasonable fee. Health care provides charge for their services. Thanks to managed care facilities provided by health insurance industry, medical inflation rate decreased drastically in 1990's in U.S. But right now the effect looks like it has ended abruptly and U.S. medical inflation is beginning to rise steeply. Psychotherapy in its traditional form is being challenged due to managed care pressures. Managed care is not needful for psychiatric patients as it creates many hindrances to the consumer in the early steps of treatment. Managed care makes the psychotherapy sessions completely transparent, when it is supposed to be undisclosed. There are pros and cons. Managed care in psychotherapy is significantly a bane to the consumers. Psychotherapy always requires long number of sessions but due to pressure from insurance companies, psychotherapists reduce the number of sessions. It is the indirect supervision of the financial management of a consumer's medical care performed by the ultimate reimbursement entity, commonly known as the payer.' Payers use utilization review'-a medical professional oversees the treating physician's decisions to determine if the most financially efficient method is being used. In the optimistic view, managed care offers coordinated, integrated systems of care that emphasize prevention and cost restraints. But actually managed care leads to limited access, lack of choice and, sometimes, limitation of care. O'Hara, M. (1997) reports: Nowhere are the concrete consequences of the rising levels of cultural incoherence more visible than within the community of psychotherapists. Therapeutic psychology and its spin-offs, clinical social work, marriage and family therapy, psychiatric nursing, and organizational behavior, are disintegrating as academic disciplines and as fields of professional practice. The field of psychology and the individuals who inhabit it are in the midst of theoretical, epistemological, methodological, and ethical meltdown. Pluralism in graduate school training, discussions about licensing and credentialing, variations in clinical theory and practice, debates about the status of psychological knowledge as science and as evidence in courts of law, shifting definitions of ethical and unethical behavior, and proliferation of antitherapist consumer protection laws are just some of the ways the postmodern crisis is already affecting the field. And it will get worse. Psychotherapists get into prescription business and provide pills. They are likely to have very less interaction with consumer and hinder the normal process of psychotherapy. Managed care minimizes the professional secrecy. As primary care physician refers the consumer to a specialist psychotherapist. Managed care programs that are commonly used are, as listed by Kuhl, V. (1994): Health Maintenance organization (HMO): In this a federally qualified HMO in exchange for a subscriber fee (Premium) allows members to access to a panel of employed physicians and facilities, including hospitals. In return HMO receives mandated market access and receives federal development funds. In HMO plan, a member is assigned a "Gatekeeper", a primary care physician (PCP) who takes care of members assigned to him. To avail specialty services like a specialist

Should there be a Ministry of Justice for England and Wales What are Essay

Should there be a Ministry of Justice for England and Wales What are the advantages and disadvantages - Essay Example The role for these departments is to nab the accused and give them the appropriate punishments, so they will never commit the crime again, thereby saving others’ lives. This paper will discuss one such government department in United Kingdom, the Ministry of Justice for England and Wales by focusing on its advantages and disadvantages. The Ministry of Justice for England and Wales was formed in 2007, after the home office was bifurcated into two arms, one for security and the other for justice. This separate justice department of the United Kingdom government only takes care of the sentencing of the accused, probation, prisons and also prevention of re-offending. It has wide reach as it handles the affairs of the three devolved governments of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, with England. Its wide scope has some inbuilt advantages because certain legal aspects like extradition, conviction in multiple cases etc can be handled easily, due to interlinking. The next advantage with this separate Ministry of Justice is that, the slimmed down Home Office will be able to deal with terrorism related issues more efficiently. That is, with United Kingdom often being the target of terrorist related attacks including the tragic London bombing in 2005, concentration and prevention of terrorism is of utmost importance. So, this separate Ministry of Justice for England and Wales by looking at crimes other than terrorism will provide the home office a good source of personnel, man hours, intelligence inputs to counter terrorism effectively. Thus, the Ministry of Justice provides an indirect advantage. The other advantage with this separate Ministry of Justice is that, it helps to correct an unwanted ironical situation. That is, with the previous arrangement, the home department has to singularly take care of administering justice to the accused as well as sentencing and putting the convicts behind bars. This anomalous situation

Barack Obama Essay Example for Free

Barack Obama Essay There is no doubt that President Barack Hussein Obama II has received much attention and interest from not only the United States, but international. He is not only praised because of his skin color, but because of the values he believes in and what he stands for. He represents something the country has needed for a long time. During his 2008 campaign for US president, he embodied the very meaning of the word â€Å"hope†. Obama’s election was truly revolutionary. His story can been considered a huge milestone in the United States’ history. The very fact that Barack Obama was voted in, and by a very large margin, shows proof that the country has abandoned its usual ideas on who is â€Å"fit† to run in high office. Barack’s multi-cultural background serves to represent the melting pot America is. He was born in Honolulu, Hawaii to a Kenyan father, Barack Obama Sr., and Stanley Ann Dunham, a Caucasian woman from Wichita, Kansas. He has gone through many hurdles and has climbed his way up a focused political ambition ladder. Being the first president of African American descent to the illustrious United States and also his many achievements have made him a person of much respect and high admiration. Obama’s presidency has gone through a series of success and accomplishments. After being elected, he successfully passed many legislations, such as the healthcare bill. The bill aimed for offering tremendous coverage while providing an affordable healthcare. Barrack’s presidency is also branded by other victories such as the $787 billion Stimulus Bill. The passing of this bill took place one month later after succeeding the presidency from George W. Bush. The stimulus bill helped boost the staggering economy. Two years later, he passed the Wall Street Reform to regain control of the economy after its practices which caused the Great Recession. This law tightens capital requirements on large banks and other financial institutions, requires that large banks provide â€Å"living wills† to avoid hectic bankruptcies, limits their ability to trade with customers’ money for their own profit, and creates the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau to catch abusive lending products and companies. He was heavily praised for ending the War in Iraq. All U.S. military forces were ordered out of the country, with the last troops leaving on December 18, 2011. With new policies, diplomacy, and rhetoric, he reversed a sharp decline in world opinion toward the U.S. during the Bush years. From 2008 to 2011, favorable opinion toward the United States rose in ten of fifteen countries surveyed by the Pew Global Attitudes Project, with an average increase of 26 percent. To summarize, Obama, with his qualities accompanied with key factors such as human approach, empathy, positive attitude, courage to take risk, and bravery to face challenges is a great leader, particularly for the US and generally for the world. His background and experiences in life, united with vibrant qualities of a good leader, make him a wonderful role model and universally acceptable. References: Glastris, Paul, Ryan Cooper, and Siyu Hu. Obama’s Top 50 Accomplishments. The Washington Monthly. N.p., Mar.-Apr. 2012. Web. 28 Aug. 2013. Barack Obama. Organizing for Action. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2013. http://www.barackobama.com/about/barack-obama?source=footer-nav

Identifying Hazards In The Workplace Construction Essay

Identifying Hazards In The Workplace Construction Essay Historically, health and safety laws in the United Kingdom (UK), for example, The Factories Act 1961, and The Offices, Shops and Railways Premises Act 1963, were applied to definite operations, and were planned prescriptively to correct acknowledged wrongs. (Ridley and  Channing, 2008: 42)   Health and safety legislation usually developed a section at a time, and each section covered an exacting class of person and was not of a reliable manner.   (Ridley and  Channing, 2008: 42) Legislation only useful to those workers who were on site, thus if the job required working away from their designated area, as a contractor, there was no legislation in place to cover these employees. Separate legislation with variations and methods of enforcement would apply to a factory, an office, a mine, or a quarry. There was certainly a need for change within the legislation in order to offer safety to employees. In May 1970, Labour Secretary of State for Employment and efficiency,  Barbara  Castle, appointed a Committee of Inquiry to undertake a wide-ranging review of health and safety within the  UK.  Lord  Robens  chaired the committee and its remit was to examine critically the provision made for the health and safety of persons in the course of their employment, furthermore to consider whether changes were needed and, if so, of what type. Three main factors prompted this enquiry: There had not been a comprehensive review of health and safety as a whole.   (Hutter, 2004: 21) There were disturbing levels of accident and disease at work, which were felt to be in need of scrutiny. (Hutter, 2004: 21) The traditional regulatory approach that is, an approach based on an extensive system of detailed statutory provisions administered and enforced by government departments and local authorities, was considered to be in need of examination. (Hutter, 2004: 22) The main criticism levelled by the committee was that administrative jurisdictions were fragmented; there were too many incongruent agencies responsible to government departments, enforcing excessive legislation. It was proposed that a more integrated system needed to be created to increase the effectiveness of the states contribution to safety and health at work. Moreover, it was argued that [r]eform should be aimed at creating the conditions for more effective self regulation by employers and employees jointly (Hutter, 2004: 22). The intentions being to make those involved understand that health and safety matters are their own concerns and not just the remit of external agencies. In essence, Health and Safety was moving forward from a regulatory process to a self-regulating process. The recommendations of the Robens Committee subsequently led to the introduction of the Health and Safety at Work Act (HASWA) 1974, which is the principal enabling legislation for the  UK; it imposes duties on employers, employees, and manufactures. Training is specifically mentioned within section 2 (2) HASWA 1974 and states that In addition to other requirements it is the employers duty to ensure the provision of such information, instruction, training and supervision as is necessary to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health and safety at work of his employees.  (Tolleys, 2009: 1467)  Ã‚  This does not place a duty on an employer to provide training, however, it recognises that having carried out generic and specific risk assessments of the working area; an employer may well believe that training would be an effective measure of control of skills, knowledge, and competency. capability is not specially recognized within HASWA 1974 with exemption to an suggestion in section 19 (1) which refers to the appointment of inspectors of health and safety. This relates to such person having appropriate qualifications as it thinks necessary for carrying into effect the relevant statutory necessities within its field of responsibility  (Tolleys, 2009: 1466). Introduction In this assignment researcher have explained health and safety acts and also have explained the safe working environment in the work place. Researcher have explained the electrical hazards, fire hazards, emergency evacuation plan, working smoking policy, hygiene facilities, first aid and manual handling Electrical hazards   Electricity is a very useful source of energy but it is very dangerous. Circuit Overload Protection Overloading electrical circuits are very risky and should not be legal at any time. All systems shall be installed as designed by the manufacturer and in order with the National Electrical Code and restrained electrical codes. Each electrical circuit breaker or fuse should be clearly evident with the name of the electrical application served by that circuit. Breaker or fuse categorization allows for interval of the electrical current to the circuit in the event of a disaster due to electrical shock or defective appliances, and assists in classification of circuit overloading. Breaker boxes should be accessible at all times. Use of Extension Cords Conservatory cords used with moveable tools should be of the three-wire type with three spike plugs, excluding when using double insulated tools. Plugs should be nonconductive. The user should make sure that the wire sizes of addition cords are competent of treatment the load without heating and this should be checked upon before starting the job.   Numerous plug-on attachments on addition cords shall not be used.   Make sure that all addition cords are useful and free of uncovered wiring and spillages, unravelled area.   Extension cords must only be used for temporary purposes, not for permanent installation. Where there is a undying need for an electrical vent, one should be installed. While in use, the addition cord must not be located in such a manner as to present a nimble hazard or under rugs, carpets or chair mats.   Addition cords must not be placed where they may be injured by foot or traffic.   Addition cords must not be run through holes in walls or ceilings or t hrough doorways or windows. Electrical Grounding All electrically operated appliances shall be powerfully stranded. Electrically operated appliances may be stranded in the subsequent ways:  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By an accepted grounding type accessory plug, provided the ground wire is attached to the metal inclusion of the electrical conductors and to the plug associated to the tools cord. The ground wire must be attached at all times while the tools are associated to the power supply.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By means of training instrumentalist run with the power conductors in the stretchy cord linked to the piece of equipment. The ground association must always make contact with the electrical vent ground while the piece of equipment is linked to the power supply conductors.  Ã‚   http://www.sefsc.noaa.gov/HTMLdocs/electricalsafe.htm Fire hazards Fire safety becomes everyones job at a worksite. Employers should educate workers about fire hazards in the workplace and about what to do in a fire crisis. This plan should sketch the coursework of key items in the event of a fire and supply an evacuation plan for workers on the site and wee to locate in a safe a secure place away from the building. In the assembly industry, a fire plan should be set up at the beforehand to start any destruction job. Building Fire Exits Every workplace building must have at least two means of flee distant from each other to be used in a fire emergency. Fire doors must not be blocked or locked to stop emergency use when employees are within the buildings. Postponed opening of fire doors is legal when an agreed alarm system is incorporated into the fire door design. Exit routes from buildings must be clear and free of obstructions and appropriately marked with signs designating exits from the building. Portable Fire Extinguishers Each workplace building must have a full balance of the proper type of fire extinguisher for the fire hazards present. Employees expected or predictable to use fire extinguishers must be instructed on the hazards of fighting fire, how to appropriately manage the fire extinguishers available, and what actions to follow in alerting others to the fire emergency. Only permitted fire extinguishers are allowed to be used in workplaces, and they must be kept in good functional situation. Appropriate protection and assessment of this equipment is compulsory of each employer. Where the employer wishes to abandon employees instead of having them fight small fires there must be written emergency plans and employee training for appropriate migration. Emergency Evacuation Planning Each employer needs to have a written emergency action plan for evacuation of employees which describes the routes to use and procedures to be followed by employees. Also procedures for accounting for all evacuated employees must be part of the plan. The written plan must be available for employee review. Where needed, special actions for helping actually impaired employees must be addressed in the plan; also, the plan must include events for those employees who must remain behind for the time being to shut down crucial plant equipment before they evacuate. Fire Prevention Plan Employers need to execute a written fire avoidance plan to complement the fire evacuation plan to minimize the frequency of evacuation. Stopping unnecessary fires from happening is the most resourceful way to grip them. The written plan shall be available for employee review. http://www.pp.okstate.edu/ehs/training/OSHAFIRE.HTM Workplace smoking policy An employer in discussion with the employees lays down rules and actions that govern some or all of the following: Functioning ethics that guide the smoking policy such as the rights of non-smokers and obedience with any legislation that relates to smoking in the work place. The places and times that smoking is allowed, if it is allowed at all.   The aim should be to certify the abolition or minimisation of smoke disclosure to employees where they work.   Employees should also have the option of smoke free rest areas, and it is up to the employer to decide on condition for smokers, such as smoking rooms. The schedule for visitors or members of the public that enter a workplace. Contractual obligations or conditions such as time allowed for smoking breaks, consequences of collapse to abide by with the policy. Support for smokers that wish to quit such as smoking termination services. Technical improvements such as improved ventilation where smoking is approved. The approach to be adopted for employees with higher health risk such as people with asthma or pregnant women. Working practices, such as roistering, that reduces employees exposure to smoke. Details of how the smoking policy may change over time it could become more uncertain after an early adjustment period. Procedures for reviewing the policy, ensuring obedience and resolving disputes. Hygiene facilities    Providing hygienic washroom facilities in the workplace are not only enviable, its a legal requirement for  all  UK  commercial grounds. ABC Hygiene is an experienced hygiene services company that understands your business legal desires in this area as well as the need to current a concerned and specialized image to both staff and consumers. The Company provides all the tools and services your business needs to sustain clean and fresh washroom facilities; ensuring that you can prudently manage everything from sanitary waste, soap dispensers, air fresheners, hand-drying and sanitising, right through to vending machines. This breadth of service is superior by the companys genuine promise to deliver a high-quality, trustworthy service, duly provided through its team of friendly, yet specialized  persons. First aid People at work can go through injury or sudden illness. It is most important that employers have made schedule to ensure their employees receive abrupt concentration if they are injured or taken ill at work. This site provides information on all aspects of first aid at work and will be of interest to employers, employees, first aiders and training organizations transversely all industry sectors. The Health and Safety First-Aid Regulations 1981 require employers to provide tools, services and personnel to enable first aid to be given to employees if they are injured or become ill at work. These Regulations concern to all workplaces including those with five or fewer employees and to the self-employed. Detailed information can be found in the Approved Code of training and Guidance:  Ã‚  The Health and Safety First-Aid Regulations 1981 L74. What will be depended on the conditions in the workplace, this includes whether skilled first aiders are needed, what should be integrated in a first aid box and if a first aid room is needed. Employers should carry out an judgment of first aid needs to conclude this. The Regulations do not place a legal responsibility on employers to make first aid stipulation for non-employees such as the public or children in schools. However, HSE strongly recommends that non-employees are integrated in a first aid needs evaluation and that condition is made for them. Risk assessment consists of a detailed risk assessment on a wet/dry heat area within a spa. It will incorporate what a risk assessment is and what it is for, also a risk assessment procedure and the possible dangers that could occur in the work place if the health and safety rules are not followed. A essential knowledge of health and safety is required before a risk assessment can be completed. The Health and safety at work act is a set of rules which are set to care for the employees, employers, clients and the business itself from any accidents or illness.   The health and safety act rules are there for both employees and employers to abide by to make sure the safety of anyone i.e. clients, delivery people, that may have anything to do with the workplace. A risk assessment is a major part of health and safety for any business as this will help stop accidents and serious harm to all worried.   A risk assessment is a careful examination of what could cause harm to people within the work place.   It is used to prioritise any possible dangers, to assess how dangerous they are and how to stop them. Huges P (2007) pg 67 states risk assessment methods are used to make a decision on priorities and to set objectives for eliminating hazards and falling risk. Businesslink.gov.uk (2008) states that you are not expected to reduce all risk, but you are compulsory to defend people as far as sensibly practical.   To perform a enough risk assessment there are five steps to make sure a thorough test has been done.   The first being to be familiar with serious hazards from the minor ones and then once these have been recognized, the second step would be to make a decision on who these may influence this will include anyone who has anything to do with the business.   The third element of a risk assessment is to appraise the level of the risks that have been found. A qualitative appraisal can be done in most cases which would enable the evaluator to grade them as medium, high or low depending on the potential danger it could cause.   The fourth step would be to record your findings and then start to put into place methods of avoidance. Lastly the risk assessment should be reviewed on a regular basis. Overall the risk assessment should consi st of identifying the hazards, establishing who they may influence, assess the risks; record the result and the make sure that regular checks are kept and recorded up to date.   Keeping a record will help to observe the health and safety within a business.